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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Civic Duties of Teenagers
Quinn Bailey 3/4/2013 Civic Duties of Teenagers Introduction Civic obligation is the commitment to every one of us to leave our locale in a superior condition than we discovered it. Each individual in our nation has rights, and with those rights come duties. That is the thing that urban obligation is, your privileges and duties that help add to society. Each and every day we play out these assignments to help better our nation all in all. Young people have an enormous job in this circle, regardless of whether they in all honesty. The urban obligations that young people perform are a pivotal piece of our general public, since they are the ones who grow up to be the following generation.Rights of a Teenager As a youngster, you are qualified for your privileges. Itââ¬â¢s simple to imagine that teenagers have no control over anything, even their own lives. Be that as it may, youngsters have a greater number of rights than you may might suspect. A large number of a young person's privi leges come from being able to settle on an astute choice without parental assent. Each and every day, young people wherever are indiscriminately satisfying their community obligations. At the point when a young person goes to class, they promise devotion to the banner. They are essentially making a promise to the United States of America expressing that they will satisfy their municipal duties.I like to think about this as ââ¬Ësigning a contractââ¬â¢, and a large portion of them do it without knowing it. A portion of a teenââ¬â¢s rights are legal rights, which means they are allowed by law. One legal right is going to class. Youngsters reserve the privilege to a free state funded instruction starting at age six. Youngsters sixteen and more established reserve the option to choose if they need to go to class or not. In many states, a parent is required to sign concurring with this choice. Another legal right youngsters have is having the option to have an occupation. A few s tates permit you to start filling in as ahead of schedule as age fourteen.Another legitimate right that youngsters have is the option to have a sense of security. A high schooler has the privilege to have a sense of security from all passionate and physical damage. On the off chance that an adolescent doesn't have a sense of security, they have the legitimate option to be removed from the circumstance and put in a more secure one. Adolescents additionally have unwritten rights, or standards. These rights arenââ¬â¢t legal, which means they are a decision. One unwritten right is the option to drive. In many states, when you turn fourteen you can acquire an instructional license on the off chance that you finish a composed assessment. With this grant, you figure out how to drive with an authorized grown-up in the car.Then, when you turn sixteen you can get a drivers permit on the off chance that you finish a driving assessment. Duties of a Teenager From the perspective of an adolesc ent, ââ¬Å"Every age has a job they have to play in the public arena, and whether they suspect as much or not, youngsters have one tooâ⬠(Simpson, Nealle). In the end, the adolescents are going to transform into grown-ups. As you progress through your youngster years, you acquire rights. This instructs you to use sound judgment, ordinarily without parental assent. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t figure young people ought to be relied upon to accomplish more things,â⬠said Nealle. They as of now have enough on their plates. â⬠In America, adolescents are off. In numerous different pieces of the world, youngsters have scarcely any rights contrasted with Americans. ââ¬Å"In a few nations, young ladies get hitched as ahead of schedule as fourteenâ⬠¦ â⬠she expressed. ââ¬Å"And the most exceedingly terrible part is that they donââ¬â¢t even get the opportunity to pick who they wed! â⬠From the perspective of a moderately aged individual, ââ¬Å"Teenagers should sha re their weight of society dutiesâ⬠(Simpson, Jud). Each teenger ought to contribute so a fruitful society can exist. ââ¬Å"When youââ¬â¢re a young person you kinda simply mix your way through life,â⬠said Jud. Itââ¬â¢s an extraordinary chance to commit errors, yet itââ¬â¢s likewise basic to gain from those slip-ups. â⬠Jud says that when he was a child, rules were significantly more severe, and they were restrained more earnestly and all the more regularly. ââ¬Å"Teens arenââ¬â¢t instructed to be as deferential now a days,â⬠he said. From the perspective of a senior, ââ¬Å"Teenagers fill in as better good examples to different young people than adultsâ⬠(Bailey). ââ¬Å"If kids see another child doing it, they think itââ¬â¢s cool, so they attempt it. Once in a while do teenagers tune in to grown-ups about whatââ¬â¢s in and what isnââ¬â¢t,â⬠clarifies Bailey. In America, an average percent of youngsters frequently volunteer in th eir locale, however Bailey has an alternate pinion. ââ¬Å"I figure young people should chip in more often,â⬠he said. The meaning of municipal obligation is actually ââ¬Ëthe exercises that one does to serve their locale. ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"Teens donââ¬â¢t frequently consider how large their job is in societyâ⬠¦ â⬠said Bailey. ââ¬Å"When I was more youthful, I was in numerous kinds network ventures. â⬠Bailey might want to see more youngsters joining to chip in, yet he is extremely solid about his supposition that it ought to be a decision. He figures grown-ups should guide young people the correct way, and afterward let them make the decisions.Being a youngster is a decent an ideal opportunity to figure out how to settle on mindful choices. ââ¬Å"It ought to be voluntary,â⬠says Bailey. ââ¬Å"You can lead a pony to water, however you canââ¬â¢t make them drink. â⬠My Civic Duties I get myself fortunate to live in the United States of America. U nfortunately, in numerous different nations youngsters like me are significantly less blessed and have less rights. What is considerably progressively dismal to me is that numerous young people underestimate the rights they acquire as U. S. residents. One model is that a few youngsters really accept up the open door to drop out of secondary school at whatever point they get the chance.It upsets me that they donââ¬â¢t proceed with their training and become a superior taught resident, particularly considering it is free. As an American, I share the privilege of free discourse with every other resident. I additionally maintain all authority to drive. As old enough fourteen, I am lawfully ready to drive in the wake of experiencing legitimate guidance. I additionally reserve the option to claim creatures. I am fortunate to have the option to state that I reserve the privilege to training. In some different nations, similar to Mexico, they don't have free government funded training. I think this is incompletely what makes America so successful.In Alaska, when I turn fourteen I reserve the option to business. I accept this is a pleasant part of our general public in America, since it instructs adolescents like me to figure out how to function with others and oversee costs. Thus, they can grow up to be mindful with cash. They will likewise grow up to be agreeable when working with a gathering of individuals. As a resident, I additionally reserve the option to travel abroad with a U. S. Identification. Another correct I have is the option to practice my religion. I am ready to live uninhibitedly and communicate my religion without consequence.Where there are rights, there are obligations. I feel like numerous young people my age imagine that they get these rights without having any obligations. One model is tidying up after themselves. Numerous teenagers anticipate that things should be perfect for them, yet they never tidy up after themselves. I frequently observe young people littering, regardless of whether it be leaving plastic containers out and about, or basically simply leaving wads of gum under the table. One of my obligations is to go to class. Not exclusively should I go to class, I should likewise finish the entirety of my work so as to learn and be an effective student.I have the obligation to remain educated about things like recent developments and legislative issues on nearby, state, national and overall levels. Being effective with my training will prompt my turning into an educated and gainful resident. I have the obligation to figure out how to drive, and how to drive mindfully. The administration guarantees me insurance, and thusly I should submit to the laws and be a productive member of society regardless of where I am. When voyaging abroad, I have the obligation to be a decent minister for the United States. Despite the fact that I reserve the privilege to practice my religion, that doesn't mean I can affront different pe opleââ¬â¢s religions.I have the obligation to regard every other religion, and thusly others ought to likewise regard my strict perspectives. All in all, I accept that young people have a considerable job in our general public. It is of most extreme significance for us as adolescents, the people to come, to perceive that despite the fact that we are given a large group of entirely charming and luring rights, we should maintain the obligations that couple these rights. On the off chance that we neglect to meet our duties, the outcomes could be awful, and we will make an unfortunate, risky, unsteady and undesirable society for us and people in the future to live in.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Case study presentation+notes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Contextual investigation presentation+notes - Essay Example Time thought is a fundamental factor in such manner. The non-limiting variables don't think about time estimation of cash and in this manner are viewed as sub-par compared to limiting income methods. Concerning the undertakings in this paper, the two sorts of procedures have been thought of, specifically NPV and compensation strategy (Bierman and Smidt, 2012). NPV is one of most favored limiting strategies sent in venture evaluation. In this technique, future inflows are changed over into present an incentive by limiting them utilizing a markdown factor. The fundamental advantage of limiting inflows is that it comprehends the genuine worth of the inflows and mirrors the effect of expansion and potential dangers on the venture. For the most part, cost of capital is considered as a proper limiting measure since it is created utilizing the current market chance factor. There are two rules for tolerating an undertaking: first, NPV should be sure and second, a task with the most elevated NPV ought to be chosen. Negative NPV bearing undertakings are dismissed in light of the fact that they would create negative return over the long haul (Sangster, 1993; Savvides, 1994). It was seen that none of the ventures of Jones and Simpson Ltd produce a positive NPV. Task A produced a negative worth while Project B was seen to earn back the original investment. Breakeven represents a no-benefit/no-misfortune circumstance. In the event that the organization has no different options other than venture An and B, Project B is suggested on the grounds that venture An includes greater speculation and will produce negative return over the long haul. Restitution period is one of the non-limiting methods utilized by administrators for assessing ventures. Notwithstanding, this method is utilized alongside other limiting strategies with the goal that the time factor isn't disregarded. For the most part, administrators dissect ventures utilizing NPV, IRR and compensation period together. One of the key advantages of recompense period is that it centers around income as opposed to bookkeeping benefit. The assurance procedure is too
Friday, August 21, 2020
Controversial Essay Topics For Middle School Students
Controversial Essay Topics For Middle School StudentsControversial essay topics for middle school students are quite common. You might have read articles discussing the effects of the War on Drugs and the concentration camps during World War II in America. Also, there are numerous schools around the United States that practice Affirmative Action and racial preferences.Yet many middle school students are not aware of these important topics. Fortunately, you can get students excited about their topic by providing them with ideas for writing this type of essay. You should never, however, lose sight of the purpose of the middle school composition course.An important good point about these topics is that they do not require a lot of research. Often, you will just need to provide your students with the basic facts. Some students enjoy making up facts to support their ideas. They can use statistics and other scientific data to back up their arguments. This is called 'blending' facts with op inion.Controversial essay topics for middle school students are great ways to show the importance of free speech and the differences between good and bad people. These topics are also useful to show that children will not always be perfect. To illustrate these points, students will frequently use ridicule, sarcasm, and general humor.In order to succeed with controversial essay topics for middle school students, you will need to understand what type of responses are going to be a better fit for each topic. There are many types of response such as: agree, disagree, and unknown. Some teachers can even devise questions for students in this type of course. When you decide to create a class assignment using a single topic, it is important to make sure that your assignment provides the type of response that you want students to receive.Students who are attracted to the challenge of controversial essay topics for middle school students will find that this type of course is a joy to take. Ma ny students will engage with their instructors and find that the assigned assignments are fun to work on. You should try to make your subject matter as challenging as possible because it is a great way to help students learn how to write a persuasive essay.The challenge of controversial essay topics for middle school students is often related to the value of an idea. Controversial essay topics for middle school students are very popular because they give students an opportunity to explore an idea by providing them with ideas to support it. Many people enjoy writing articles because they are able to demonstrate their point by giving examples that make sense.Controversial essay topics for middle school students to provide children with a way to express their views on a variety of issues. Many students can write an essay about anything, no matter how unpopular, if they are able to get their point across. A compelling argument is often the most important part of a persuasive essay.
Monday, May 25, 2020
China - 4168 Words
BUSINESS ETIQUETTES Making appointments : Being late for an appointment is considered a serious insult in Chinese business culture. The East Asia Pacific office of the U.S. Department of Commerce can help you in arranging appointments with local Chinese business and government officials, and can identify the contacts you will have to establish to achieve your objectives. The services of a host of a reputable Public Relations firm is recommended for detailed work involving meeting and negotiating with senior Chinese officials or even pinpointing whom you should meet for your purposes. The best times for scheduling appointments are April to June and September to October. Business and government hours are 8:00 a.m. to 5:00â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦You may make general inquiries about the health of anothers family, such as are all in your family well? During a meal, expressing enthusiasm about the food you are eating is a welcome, and usually expected, topic of conversation. There is no need to avoid mentioning Taiwan. If the subject comes up, never refer to this island as The Republic of China or Nationalist China. The correct term is Taiwan Province, or just Taiwan. Small talk is considered especially important at the beginning of a meeting; any of the topics suggested in the next set of points will be appropriate for this occasion. Welcome Topics of Conversation Chinese scenery, landmarks weather, climate, and geography in China your travels in other countries your positive experiences traveling in China Chinese art Topics to Avoid Refrain from using the terms such as Red China, Mainland China, and Communist China. Just say China. First Name or Title? Addressing others with respect Chinese names appear in a different order than Western names. Each person has, in this order, a family, generational, and first name. Generational and given names can be separated by a space or a hyphen, but are frequently written as one word. The generational designation is usually the first word of a two-worded first name. This is still popular in some families, especially among the southerners and the overseas Chinese from the south. MostShow MoreRelatedThe Between China And China980 Words à |à 4 Pagesfairness and impartiality in the justice system, which along with its capitalist economy, further differentiated itself from China. This concept of ââ¬Å"one country, two systemsâ⬠is an important element of Hong Kong governance, and by extension, its people. This represents a time when Hong Kong is slowly pulling its influence away from China. Due to its insulation from China that ran a communist government, Hong Kong was able to flourish as an international financial center under a free market economyRead MoreChina s Impact On China1181 Words à |à 5 Pagesmany decades, China has always been technologically and economically ahead of Europe. The invention of gunpowder, printing, and the compass started in China and was later dispersed throughout Europe. These inventions changed China as much as they changed Europe. These inventions also caused a gap between China and Europe. By the late eighteenth century, industrial revolution first started its spread from Europe.The transformations within Europe began to further accelerate while China was falling behindRead MoreChina677 Words à |à 3 PagesSui Dynasty (589 ââ¬â 618 CE) was a short lived Imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It unified China for the first time after nearly four centuries of north-south division. It was followe d by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the capital was Changââ¬â¢an. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River for easy trading. The canal was used to carry riceRead MoreRural Life Of China And China1122 Words à |à 5 PagesMaria Elena Granera Ms. Lopez AP Economics 7 November 2014 Rural Life in China ââ¬Å"In Chinaââ¬â¢s rural hinterland, where half the nationââ¬â¢s 1.3 billion people live, incomes are, on average, less than a third of those in citiesâ⬠(The New York Times). Economically, rural China depends mainly on agriculture, but socially, sex inequality and diseases prevail in this part of the country. Villages, mostly populated by the countryââ¬â¢s ocean of elders, are getting poorer while the cities are getting richer evenRead MoreMoney Frauds : China And China994 Words à |à 4 PagesAgainst Money Frauds China is one of the countries that have the highest yearly rate of frauds. Although the China governments have uploaded many promotional videos on preventing the crooks, but can we really get away from the fraud base on those videos? The risk of fraudulent activity is increases every year in China. The China government should establish a special department to help people to prevent from the money frauds, because frauds are the problem that affects people a lot and also becauseRead MoreThe Guanxi Between China And China1741 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction The Guanxi phenomena is exclusive to China and is very apparent in everyday life, it can be used in the personal dealings or at the business level. Guanxi concept is not completely alien to the rest of the world, it is apparent in a slightly different, more modest form. Most of people would be aware of bribery (it is an act of giving money or gifts that alters the behavior of the recipient), which would be someway linked to guanxi concept. The main difference is that bribery recognisedRead MoreChina s Rural Crisis : China1403 Words à |à 6 Pagesexternal pressures that caused the eventual collapse of Qing society. Foreign imperialism highlighted Chinaââ¬â¢s backwardness to its own citizens and, and also heightened the already existing conflicts within China itself. It directly challenged the cultural nexus of power, which held China together for hundreds of years. This system combined the imperial examination system, standard marketing community, language of lineage, and popular religions to promote the cultural form of governance. TheseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1365 Words à |à 6 Pagesnations in the eastern hemisphere. China was one of those nations. China was a nation known for isolating itself from outside influen ce, especially from the Europeans. Soon the Europeans began to grow jealous of China s bounty of enticing goods and resources such as porcelain, tea and silk. China on the other hand did not have any need for European goods. In pursuit to put a halt to the trade imbalance between the two nations, Britain started to smuggle opium into China. The reason behind this was becauseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1674 Words à |à 7 Pagesporcelain were much desired by European and had a huge demand in the Western market. In England, tea was the most desired Chinese good and trade in tea was very lucrative. However, this created a trade imbalance because Western goods had no market in China. China was a self-sustaining country and that make it harder for Western merchant to trade with them. Apart from that, the merchants had a hard time getting into Chinese market and had to deal through Chinese middlemen in Canton. At this point, the BritishRead MorePoverty in China1079 Wo rds à |à 5 Pages12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official ââ¬Å"Poverty Alleviation Dayâ⬠, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in country
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Why Is Economics Called the Dismal Science
If youve ever studied economics, youve probably heard at some point that economics is referred to as the dismal science. Granted, economists arent always the most upbeat bunch of people, but is that really why the phrase came about? Origin of the Phrase Dismal Science to Describe Economics As it turns out, the phrase has been around since the mid-19th century, and it was coined by historian Thomas Carlyle. At the time, the skills required for writing poetry were referred to as the gay science, so Carlyle decided to call economics the dismal science as a clever turn of phrase. The popular belief is that Carlyle started using the phrase in response to the dismal prediction of 19th-century reverend and scholar Thomas Malthus, who forecasted that the rate of growth in the food supply as compared to the rate of the growth in population would result in mass starvation. (Luckily for us, Malthus assumptions regarding technological progress were overly, well, dismal, and such mass starvation never transpired.) While Carlyle did use the word dismal in reference to Malthus findings, he didnt use the phrase dismal science until his 1849 work Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question. In this piece, Carlyle argued that reintroducing (or continuing) slavery would be morally superior to relying on the market forces of supply and demand, and he labeled the profession of economists who disagreed with him, most notably John Stuart Mill, as the dismal science, since Carlyle believed that the emancipation of slaves would leave them worse off. (This prediction has also turned out to be incorrect, of course.)
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Gender Differences For Women Entrepreneurs - 790 Words
When thinking of entrepreneurs, what comes to mind are the successful men with their big businesses and their tall buildings. Men have accomplished more than woman in the work place. Woman are often thought of the weaker sex in this profession, although they have different characteristics that show women can be the best choice when it comes to entrepreneurship. The author in ââ¬Å"Analysis of Gender Differences for Women Entrepreneurs by SWOT Model,â⬠Hongbo Li states when more female entrepreneurs are shown in society there is greater development in the economy. Hongbo Li gives many strengths and traits; that females have that make them stand out, and set them apart from men. Women have demonstrated throughout the years and with the help with their strengths and opportunities, they too would quantify as entrepreneurs. Women have many strengths that qualify them in leading roles of entrepreneurship. ââ¬Å"Traditionally gentle, friendly, and obedient, the image of women is far from a very firm handâ⬠(Li 1). Women are very gentle, and that comes naturally to them. Because of this trait, women find it difficult to find jobs. Woman have this trait that is commonly used on a regular basis; especially for work. Women are strong with language, they can speak fluently and clearly, a trait that men do not possess. Language comes naturally to women, they can easily talk to one another. Women are able to relate to the topics they talk about to their clients. Even when the topic has nothing toShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Strategies Of Women Owned Small Businesses931 Words à |à 4 PagesPremise: The Financial Strategies of Women-Owned Small Businesses in Florida Problem Statement The accessibility of businesses through social media and the web have made many entrepreneurs able to reach consumers throughout the world they would otherwise not be able to do business with. Women have often found themselves underperforming in the workforce and as traditional small business owners in comparison to similarly employed or self-employed men (Huarng et al., 2012). However, there has beenRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Communication And How It Affects Male And Female Entrepreneurship1246 Words à |à 5 Pagesentrepreneurship. The use of gender perspective in the communication style was influenced by the now popular topic of womenââ¬â¢s rights and discrimination against women in the business world. Women in business was scarce, but now it is becoming more prevalent. ââ¬Å"The communication is a key factor in the success of any organizationâ⬠(Borcic, Despot, Prusina 2015). The background of this paper is based on the theory of basic guidelines regarding f emale entrepreneurship, communication, gender in communication, andRead MoreA Study On Female Entrepreneurs1487 Words à |à 6 PagesChapter 1 Introduction The main aim of this study is to explore how female entrepreneurs have managed to open new ventures and also coping with the entrepreneurial system in the UK. Initially, women want to be part of the entrepreneurship activities and studies shows that the rate of women entrepreneurs is increasing (Brush et al, 2006). Gender discrimination is no longer a taboo in this twentieth century (Butler, 2003). 1.1 Research background In todayââ¬â¢s business world, entrepreneurship is fundamentalRead MoreFinancial Issues Affecting Kenyatta Market Women Entrepreneurs Of Nairobi962 Words à |à 4 PagesFINANCIAL ISSUES AFFECTING KENYATTA MARKET WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF NAIROBI, KENYA 1. Introduction i. Background Information According to Creighton Yieke (2006), women in Kenya constitute a subordinate, disadvantaged and muted group who are routinely treated as inferior and who face coerced sex, harmful cultural practices, stigma and discrimination. Their inferior legal status in relation to marriage inheritance, guardianship, property ownership, places them in disadvantaged position economicallyRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Survival Entrepreneurs1342 Words à |à 6 PagesCharacteristics of Survival Entrepreneurs The environment of survival entrepreneurs is plagued by ââ¬Å"overcrowded market ââ¬Ënichesââ¬â¢, negligent or predatory government agents, and multiple but volatile sources of household income,â⬠which results in a high level of uncertainty. Due to other emergencies that they are faced with, they are faced with the need to avoid unnecessary risks. Furthermore, relationships with patrons that result in some sort of reciprocity need to be fostered in order to have a poolRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Successful Entrepreneur1185 Words à |à 5 Pagesa successful entrepreneur, there are nine key characteristics every entrepreneur should have regardless of gender and age. These nine characteristics are: motivation, creativity and persuasiveness, versatility, superb business skills, risk tolerance, drive, vision, flexibility and open-mindedness, and decisiveness. Agrawal, R. (n.d.) Oprah has certainly fulfilled these requirements based on the overview of her background. It is believed that the traits associated with entrepreneurs are typicallyRead MoreEntrepreneurial Education And Entrepreneurship Education1511 Words à |à 7 PagesTherefore it can be assumed that entrepreneurial education can be a step forward in impacting young individuals to develop their entrepreneurial intentions and propensity, but the extent of such curriculum and its impact on nurturing effective entrepreneurs remains uncertain. 2.5 Entrepreneurial intention The underlying cause of entrepreneurial action is based on intentional behaviour. Entrepreneurial intention, according to Bird (1988) is defined as ââ¬Å"a state of mind directing a person s attentionRead MoreNeed Of The Study Of Women1492 Words à |à 6 PagesNEED OF THE STUDY Women-owned enterprises contribute 3.09 percent of industrial output and employ over 8 million people. Approximately, 78 percent of women enterprises belong to the services sector. Women entrepreneurship is largely skewed towards smaller sized firms, as almost 98 percent of women-owned businesses are micro-enterprises. As with the broader MSME sector, access to formal finance is a key barrier to the growth of women-owned businesses, leading to over 90 percent of finance requirementsRead MoreGlobal Entrepreneurship Monitor ( Gem )860 Words à |à 4 PagesThe business environment, which the entrepreneur operates in, has varying impact on business performance (Ahmad et al 2010). Social norms are known to be one of the most significant factors within the business environment (Hong and Kacperczyk 2009). Owing to the fact that social norms differ across nations and cities, the level of entrepreneurial competencies influenced by culture can be assumed to be different. Therefore, a country comparison between the two countries, UK and Singapore, will beRead MoreMicrofinance for Rural Entrepreneurs1511 Words à |à 6 PagesMicrofinance for rural entrepreneur Microfinance institutions are institutions that offer basic financial services to the low income earners and the poor. The emergence of Microfinance institutions are rooted on the fact that most financial institutions offer financial services that are far much beyond the reach of the low income population. Microfinance institutions have been designed to bridge the gap and fill the void left by the major banks to bank the unbankable and offer various financial
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Leadership and Skills Planning and Control Management
Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Skills for Planning and Control Management. Answer: Introduction: A project management is a systematic and methodical approach to planning and controlling different project processes in an organization from its conception to its completion. As stated by Angelo et al. (2017), in project management, the project managers along with the team members of the project apply their knowledge, talents, skills, techniques and tools for meeting the project requirements. It involves planning, scheduling and directing the diverse resources of an organization towards completion of a specific task. The human and financial capitals are utilized systematically, which helps in defining the different goals and purposes of a project. These resources are utilized in the most beneficial way that helps in controlling quality and also ensures completion of the project in time and thereby maintain the quality standard. According to Archibald and Archibald (2016), the project management establishes diverse principles, policies and procedures that help in managing the project using different conceptions. While managing the projects, the managers employ several approaches and methods, which help in running the project and selecting the best approaches for its completion. Consequently, the project management implies integration of the time, cost, quality, human resources and communications in scheduling the project for its successful completion. Artto et al. (2016) opined that while the project managers need to have high levels of corporate visuals, which help in delivering certain tangible results within estimated time and budget. The project management is conducted methodically where the project goals are defined, and the steps are outlined for achieving the goals, identification of the resources and determining the time and budget for accomplishing the tasks. In this assignment, the different life cycles of project management will be discussed that comprises of initiation, planning, implementation and execution, project closedown and evaluation and lastly management of multiple projects in an organization. The assignment also discusses the importance and theory of project management in an organization. Life Cycle of Project Management The life cycle contains initiation, planning, implementation, execution and closure of the project. The projects contain temporary structure that varies according to their size as well as complexities. It is important to manage the projects so that each one of them gets completed within specified time and with provided resources (Biesenthal et al. 2015). The 1st phase of the project management life cycle is the Initiation stage, where the purpose of developing the project is discussed. As stated by Borsato (2014), in this stage, the project manager documents the objectives, aims, scope, purpose and the deliverables those will be produced in the project. The project manager conducts interview sessions with the patrons and understands their strategic vision and objectives. The aim and objectives of the projects are evaluated in this stage and verification with the customers is done. The documentation of the customers requirements and demands along with the organizations resources are done. Braglia and Frosolini (2014) opined that in this initiation stage, the details of the project are initiated that includes the technological usage, legal actions, resources and involvement of the stakeholders those are to be used. The potential risks and hindrances are also given concern at this stage, for taking appropriate remedial steps to avoid an d mitigate them. Moreover, the budget of the project is also estimated and aligned with the strategic goals of the organization. Burke and Barron (2014) mentioned that the project manager defines the roles and responsibilities of each of the team members as it helps in building a cohesive team. The leadership qualities of the project managers are also highlighted through the usage of their skills and talents in managing the team and assigning the responsible to the assigned members. An example can be taken from Tesco, where Self-Service-Checkout project has been taken to prevent the customers from standing in long queues. In the initiation stage of this project, Tesco understood the importance of having it in the organization (Ciliberti et al. 2016). The project manager claims it to be a simple and helpful method to the customers. The project manager had to distribute the responsibilities to the IT department for designing the product. Moreover, documentation of all the requirements, risks and hindrances that are likely to be faced at this stage had to be done. Project Planning Stage The 2nd phase of the life-cycle is the project planning stage, which implies planning and scheduling of the project accurately. As mentioned by Heagney (2016), in this stage, the infrastructure is established, which helps in effectively managing the success of the project. The assigned responsibilities are documented officially, and the communication and expectations are well presented in the project team. Along with this, the tracking system is established that helps in decomposing the high-level working structure into small divisions for the easy accomplishment of it. Heizer and Barry (2013) stated that in this stage, the project manager obtains staff members, assigns responsibilities and roles develop organizational charts and makes risk assessments. The project planning done by the project managers is dynamic in nature, which helps in identifying the deliverables and the activities for completing it. Moreover, the project manager also sequences the activities logically as per the requirement of the resources, time, cost and priorities. According to Joslin and Mller (2015), the project manager lists the information that is required for the successful completion of the project. This project planning helps in guiding to the execution of the project in a systematic and methodical way. The planning is done in done in such a way that the objectives of the project are achieved along with keeps track of the ongoing proceedings. An example can be cited from Tesco when the organizations project manager of Self-Service-Checkout project has documented all the resources that the project requires along with their availability. An accurate structure of the project is formulated, which helped the project manager in distributing the tasks and responsibilities among the team members and the time for accomplishing each of the tasks (Kerzner, 2013). The risks and the ways of mitigating the risks have also been documented in the phase along with sequencing the activities as per their requirement and needs. Implementation and Execution Stage The 3rd phase of the project life cycle is the Implementation and execution stage," where the documented and planned activities are put into action by the project manager and team members. Laporte and OConnor (2014) commented that in this phase, the project manager manages the entire team and also makes the best utilization of the available resources. The different visions and plans come into reality, and the project manager continues coordinating and directing the project resources in meeting the purposes of the project plan. It is the job of the project manager to direct as well as manage the individual activities of each of the team members. The team members under the guidance of the project manager produce the deliverables those are best suited for the project and as documented in the planning stage. As stated by Laporte et al. (2016), the project manager is also responsible for monitoring the activities of each of the team members working on the project. Any changes and modifica tions those came into the way of the project manager are considered, reviewed and implemented into the project. These changes and modifications are also documented in the project. Moreover, the project managers act as the leaders while managing the team through their regular monitoring and inspection for ensuring final deliverables of the customers. The dummy execution takes the place of the project before the evaluation phase takes over it (Love et al. 2014). In Tesco, the project manager manages the entire teams and their activities in the implementation and execution stage. In this stage, the project manager of Tesco focuses on the equipment, materials and resources those are necessary for constructing each of the deliverables of the project (Mahmood 2017). The activities of each of the project are documented, and the tracking of the team members' activities are also maintained. The documentation of the self-service-checkout software is done that helps in maintaining the tracks of the team performance. Project Closedown and Evaluation Stage The project closedown and evaluation phase is the last stage of a project lifecycle. As mentioned by Martinelli and Milosevic (2016), this evaluation of the project is carried out by an independent and unbiased person for reviewing the performance of the project. That individual is responsible for determining the deliverable of the project within specified time, given budget and allocated budget. In project closedown stage, the project manager is responsible for conducting the meetings, documenting the lessons learned, releasing the resources of the project and updating of the organizational processes. While closing the project, the project manager is responsible for scheduling the reviews and highlights of the project meetings through Gantt chart. According to Mir and Pinnington (2014), during the project closedown, the key stakeholders are invited to the meeting to discuss the project happenings while conducting it. The overall project objectives are reviewed along with the budget, the requirements of the project and the end deadlines are discussed in the meetings. Moreover, the evaluations of the risks are also discussed in the meetings that helped in gaining experiences, which can be later used in the future projects. In this stage, the overall project is handled by the customers, and the project manager waits for its feedback and reviews. Based on the reviews, changes and modifications are done (Oliveira et al. 2016). In Tesco, when the project of self-checkout was completed, it was handled over to the higher authorities. The higher authorities did a complete review to use and utilized the software in the real working environment to see the reviews and feedback of the customers. On seeing a positive response from the customers, this project of Tesco was claimed to be a success (Pinto and Winch, 2016). The overall usage of the technologies, resources and budget were documented by the project manager. The risks those were likely to be faced by the organization were also documented along with the solutions. Managing Multiple Projects Stage While managing multiple projects, the project manager has to take care of reaching the individual goals of each of the projects in scheduled time. As opined by Qin and Chen (2016), in completing the multiple projects, efficient and effective collaboration is necessary. The project manager needs to understand the potentiality and skills of the team members in handling multiple projects. An initial meeting is conducted by the project managers, which helps in discussing the different action courses for achieving the individual and team goals. The feedback and reviews of each of the team members are necessary to take, which helps in accomplishing the multiple projects that will be taken by the project manager with the team. Schwalbe (2015) commented that the project manager is also responsible for formulating the clear and precise plan for each of the projects those will be undertaken. The project manager devises actions plans for each of the team members. As per the task analysis, the t eam members are asked to split the tasks into different stages. The completion of each of the stages helps in completion of the individual works within specified time and budget. According to Shao et al. (2016), while managing the multiple projects, the project manager is also responsible for managing the resources, strict the deadlines and managing the document. The plans of the individual projects are jotted down individually without mixing the projects with one another and ending up in making a mess out of all the projects. The essentialities and necessities of each of the projects are chalked out accordingly that helps in allocating the resources conveniently. As mentioned by Svejvig and Andersen (2015), the project manager is responsible for tracking the on-going of each of the project along with usage of the tools that helps in executing the assigned tasks. The abilities of the team members are also documented along with their expertise and skills in the completion of the individual tasks within specified time. The handling of multiple projects may seem to be difficult initially, but proper breakdown and structuring of the activities help in the systema tic completion of the multiple projects. Theory of Project Management The project management theory is based on PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge). The purpose of this theory is in providing the adequate amount of work that is to be done, the unnecessary work that is not to be done and the work that delivers the purpose of the stated business. As mentioned by Artto et al. (2016), the project management is about managing tasks and works and decomposing the total work done in small chunks of the work. The PMBOK divides the entire processes of the project management into initiating, planning, execution, controlling as well as closing processes. These phases of the project develop a closed loop, where the planning processes are provided with an effective plan, which is realized by the executing processes. The planning helps in facilitating the entire processes of the organization. The scope planning and the output of the processes help in making up an input for the process of execution. Laporte et al. (2016) commented that the planning process do minates the scene that helps in executing the process as well as controlling the processes. The organization helps in consisting of the management part as well as effector part. The centralized creation, revision and implementation of the plans help in managing a strong connection with the management actions with that of the outcomes. According to Braglia and Frosolini (2014), the goals of the project management is flowing of the project towards the goals and objectives. The basic viewpoint is in eliminating the waste from the flow processes and the principles as the reduction of the lead time as well as reduction of the variability. The managerial prescription is different in reducing uncertainty and generation of values that helps in refining the framework of the quality movement. The value generation provides a good explanation of the third goal of the project management, which helps in delivering the business process (Laporte and OConnor, 2014). Importance of Project Management The project management is important for all the organizations as it helps in managing the different projects in the organization and their respective deliverables within specified time. As stated by Todorovi? et al. (2015), through project management, the resources are best utilized within the organization, which helps in carrying out the projects in a systematic and methodical way. The project management helps in identifying the requirements, objectives and aims of the customers that they claim from an organization. It helps in establishing clear, precise and achievable objectives, which are to be obtained by the project manager and the team members. The project management also helps in having a scientific and structured approach in the completion of the project. The objectives are successfully executed so that those are accomplished with the completion of the project. According to Too and Weaver (2014), the project management helps in organizing and planning the projects for taming the chaos that occurs when the projects are undertaken. It helps in controlling all the activities of the project. It is to be remembered that every project undertaken by the organizations have plenty of risks. The risks, being the fundamental part of the organization are to be controlled and managed for preventing its malicious nature that may negatively impact the organization. The project management identifies these potential risks and finds best probable solutions to the risks (Turner, 2014). Wang et al. (2017) opined that the project management plays an important role in managing the quality and quantity of the deliverables of a project. The project manager takes care of not producing any non-valuable and unimportant deliverables that add no value to the projects. Through project management, the integration of the projects is also done by the project manager. The projects are well integrated and assimilated with the ongoing business systems, processes and environment of the organization. Ciliberti et al. (2016) had commented that projects are subjected to the dynamic environment of the organization, which is not constant and are vulnerable to change. The issues that may appear in the project are identified and cleared through project management. The project management also ensures in capturing the project knowledge and managing it for the future use and references. As stated by Turner (2016), there are situations when the projects fail. But, with the help of project mana gement, the learning from the failures helps in improving the knowledge of the project manager and the team-mates. It helps in improvement of the quality of the future projects. As a result, the mistakes are never repeated within the organization, which leads to the success of the organization. Conclusion The overall project discusses the project management of the organizations. Through effective implementation of the project management, the various tasks and activities involved in the project are completed within specified time. The project management also helps in completion of the project work in specified time and with the help of the assigned resources. In this assignment, the different stages of the project management life cycle are described. It shows that every phase of it have certain unique features and actions, which are integrated and combined with the successful completion of the project. Moreover, the importance of the project management is also discussed in this context. Through project management, the team members along the project manager learn to identify and analyze the risks. It also helps in finding appropriate solutions to the risks, which could have hampered the completion of the project. Moreover, several knowledge and skills are also learned through project ma nagement process. The researcher has also discussed the theories related to project management like PMBOK that helps in understanding the amount of work that is to be done in the completion of a project and the unnecessary tasks those are not required for completion. It also helps in understanding the core processes those are necessary for the project to get accomplished. References Angelo, A.C.M., Saraiva, A.B., Clmaco, J.C.N., Infante, C.E. and Valle, R., 2017. 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